Johannes guttenberg (Discoverer of printing press)

History of Magazine

HISTORY OF MAGAZINE
A brief history of developments Magazine

World of printing began experiencing incessant progress since dikembangannya printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in print 1455.Mesin this is the first time in Europe that uses movable metal printing ( movable metal type) . Dramatically , the present invention increases the speed production of printed matter , including printed books and magazine.engine also reduces the time spent in the production of books and magazines before.
The earliest magazine is Erbauliche Monaths – Unterredungen (1663-1668) created by JohannRist , a theologian and poet from Hamburg , Germany .
Notching ad book introduced since 1650 , a feature that appears regularly and sometimes given a regular catalog.Katalog – rises , such as Mercurius Librarius or A Catalogue of Books ( 1668-1670 ) . However , during the 17 th century sort of issue that the average short-lived .
Lighter type of magazine content , or entertainment periodical , first published in 1672 , namely Le Mercure Galant , was founded by an author , Jean Donneau de vice . Contents: life stories , anecdotes and pearls of wisdom .
In early publications , magazines designed just for the terbatas.Penerbitnya managers prefer to be called ” quality” magazines.Ssince  1830s , emerging lower-priced magazines , devoted to the public more luas.Awalnya magazine presents various mater -matter that is improve , enlighten , and entertain family.but , evolved in the late 18th century popular magazines solely to provide entertainment . In England , Charles Knight became a pioneer of this new type of magazine . He publishes a weekly Penny Magazine (1832 – 1846) and Penny Encyclopedia ( 1833-1858 ) . In addition to popular magazines , there are also a variety of magazi publishing serially filled with illustrative images . In the U.S. , until 1850, the development was not found . Recorded mengmbangkan national publication that range Oplahnya Saturday Evening Post (1821 – 1869) and the Youth Companion ( 1827-1929 ) .

In the final quarter of the 19th century , magazine publishing has increased pasar.Masyarakat have an abundance of information and hiburan.George Newness channel that started his hobby of cutting out favorite passages , in 1881 , by issuing Tit – Bits , published periodically , and spread limit meluasmelintasi negara.Hal was followed by the Strand which became popular because of the stories of Sherlock Holmes by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle .
The existence of a mass media magazine as happened not long after the newspapers . As a newspaper , magazine history begins from European countries , especially Britain , and on the American continent is represented by the United States . In America , 1820s to 1840s is the magazine of his day ( the age of the magazines ) . The most pouler magazine when it was the Saturday Evening Post , published in 1821 , and Nort American Review .

The big change in the magazine industry occurred in the 1890s , when the SS McClure , Frank musey , Cyrus Curtis , and a number of other publishers began to change in a revolutionary magazine publishing industry . They see hundreds of thousands of potential customers who have not served by existing magazines . They also saw that the ad will play an important role in the U.S. economy . Thus , these leaders created a magazine whose contents match the tastes and interests of people banyak.Munsey ‘s and McClure ‘s began presenting sports coverage in Harvard , followed by sports articles general , writing about the war , popular songs , the celebrities ( celebrities ) , and so on . Curtis published a special magazine mothers, Ladies ‘ Home Journal , which later became the first magazine reached a circulation magazines 1 juta.Majalah – specific art and architecture , health , and so soon join bermunculan.Terjadilah phenomenon called the popularization and segmentation of contents .

The magazine publishers are also trying to push the price to be affordable to the average person . In 1893 , Frank Munsey Munsey ‘s selling for 10 cents , much cheaper than any other magazine . Advertising is becoming more important than the price majalah.Curtis then even lower the price of the magazine to 5 cents , cheaper than the price of magazine paper sendiri.Isi the popular and successful low prices attract more buyers , so that advertisers no tertarik.Kerugian due to cheaper price than the cost of production covered by income from revenue raised iklan.Redistribusi middle class purchasing power better , and they are mass- market potential of various products that can be captured through advertisement on this majalah.Hal also encourage publishers to try to target buyers in order to facilitate the segmentation of homogeneous ad .

First , to speed up the reproduction of the magazine employs many artists who make the most of each image and then put together before being used as the material cetakan.Teknik modern photo print clearly more versatile mudah.Pengiriman photo also easy to do since the pocket camera and photo printing services and express delivery since the previous 1935.Jika reading product ( print ) and access is only available to certain circles , the latter of these products can be produced more and spread to a wider audience . Published by newspapers and magazines are also included which has struggled to adjust to these new conditions . Many giant magazine depressed , not weekly or monthly little has been published for decades and reaching eventually forced to close .

Magazines are generally able to hold a special nature , such as special travel magazine ( Sunset ) , sports ( Sports Illustrated ) , hobby sailboat ( Yachting ) , fans of television ( TV Guide ) , or scientific news ( Scientific American ) . Magazines covering all things ( brindle ) such as Collier ‘s and the Saturday Evening Post , had not the time , even those who initially was so well known as Life and Look.Sekarang are age specific magazines .

Model Pioneer Considered Success Magazine

Tracing the historical development of the mass media will not be separated from the figure or figures that initiated or publish such media . This is evident in the historical records of the attached figures majalah.Seorang terbitannya.Berikut media figures recorded by history has successfully published a magazine that became one of the milestone in the development of the print media .
1 . Daniel Defoe
In 1704 , in the UK , rising Review, a magazine that contains news , articles , national policy , moral aspects , and others . The shape is between magazines and newspapers , small page size , and published three times a week . Defoe acts as owner , publisher , editor , as well as the author .
2 . Benjamin Franklin
He who has spearheaded the magazine publishing in America . In 1740 , he published the General Magazine and Historical Chronicle .
3 . Richard Steele
The Tatler he made ​​in 1790 , then The Spectator he published with Joseph Addison . The magazine contains politics , international news , writing that contains elements of moral , entertainment news and gossip about the theater .
4 . Dewitt Wallace and Lila
When he was 20 years old , a husband and wife have been able to publish a magazine in 1922 , Reader ‘s Digest . In the mid-20th century , this magazine is the most successful magazine . In 1973 , Reader ‘s Digest for in America alone , can reach as many customers as 18 million readers , not including readers in the world .
5 . Henry Luce
A graduate of Yale University , together Briton Hadden publishes Time.Ia driven by the success of Reader ‘s Digest . Not only that , he also publishes Fortune , Illutrated Sport and Life . Magazine latter is a news magazine that contains the photo – foto.Foto serves as an information tool , entertain , and influence .
6 . Hugh Hefner
He publishes Playboy magazine in 1953.Majalah for adult men this is one magazine that sukses.Pada 1970s , its circulation reached six million copies .

HISTORY OF MAGAZINE IN INDONESIA
The history of the magazine as the mass media in Indonesia started in the beginning of mass ahead and Indonesian independence . In Jakarta in 1945 published a monthly magazine by the name of King Pantja Markoem Djojohadisoeparto leadership with initiatives of Ki Hajar Devantoro , was in Ternate in October 1945 and Dr. Arnold Monoutu . Missouri Hassan Tower Merdeka publishes a weekly magazine that contains news broadcast radio Indonesian republic . In the Java language magazine published kediri Djojobojo , leadership Tadjib Ermadi . The members of the Indonesian Student Association in the Java language magazine published Blitar , Torch ( torch ) .
• Early Independence
Soemanang , SH which publishes the magazine Revue Indonesia , in one edition ever put forward the idea of ​​the necessity of coordinating the publication of newspapers , whose number has reached hundreds . It came out with a purpose, namely to destroy the remnants of Dutch rule , rakayat rekindle the spirit of resistance against the occupation hazards , forge national unity for the immortality of the nation ‘s independence and the rule of popular sovereignty .
• Age of the Old Order
At this time , the development of the magazine is not so good , relatively little kaena magazine noted that terbit.Sejarah Star Weekly magazine , as well as a weekly magazine published in Bogor named Gledek , but only a few months old .
• New Order Period
The beginning of the new order , many magazines are published and enough diverse kinds, including in Jakarta Selecta magazine published Sjamsudin leaders Lubis , a literary magazine Horizon Mochtar Lubis leader , Panji Society and Qibla magazine . This occurs in line with the economic conditions of Indonesia that the better , as well as the level of education the more advanced societies .
Categorization magazine published in the new order , namely :
1 ) news magazine Tempo , Slot , Rays , Tiras
2 ) Family Magazine : Ayahbunda , Family
3 ) women Magazine : Femina , Kartini , Sarinah
4 ) men’s magazine : Matra
5 ) Magazine adolescent women : Girl , My friends
6 ) Magazine boys : O
7 ) Magazines children : Bobo , Ganesha , I am the Son of Saleh
8 ) popular scientific magazine : Prism
9 ) Magazines general : Digest , Warnasari
10 ) Magazines law : Justice Forum
11 ) agriculture Magazine : Poster
12 ) Magazine humor : Humor
13 ) Sports Magazine : Sportif , racket
14 ) speaking regions Magazine : Mangle ( Sundanese , London ) , Djaka Lodang ( Java , Yogyakarta )
HISTORY OF MAGAZINE IN INDONESIA
Posted by Wahyudi Job Tasks in Lecture
The history of the magazine as the mass media in Indonesia started in the beginning of mass ahead and Indonesian independence . In Jakarta in 1945 published a monthly magazine by the name of King Pantja Markoem Djojohadisoeparto leadership with initiatives of Ki Hajar Devantoro , was in Ternate in October 1945 and Dr. Arnold Monoutu . Missouri Hassan Tower Merdeka publishes a weekly magazine that contains news broadcast radio Indonesian republic . In the Java language magazine published kediri Djojobojo , leadership Tadjib Ermadi . The members of the Indonesian Student Association in the Java language magazine published Blitar , Torch ( torch ) .
• Early Independence
Soemanang , SH which publishes the magazine Revue Indonesia , in one edition ever put forward the idea of ​​the necessity of coordinating the publication of newspapers , whose number has reached hundreds . It came out with a purpose, namely to destroy the remnants of Dutch rule , rakayat rekindle the spirit of resistance against the occupation hazards , forge national unity for the immortality of the nation ‘s independence and the rule of popular sovereignty .
• Age of the Old Order
At this time , the development of the magazine is not so good , relatively little kaena magazine noted that terbit.Sejarah Star Weekly magazine , as well as a weekly magazine published in Bogor named Gledek , but only a few months old .
• New Order Period
The beginning of the new order , many magazines are published and enough diverse kinds, including in Jakarta Selecta magazine published Sjamsudin leaders Lubis , a literary magazine Horizon Mochtar Lubis leader , Panji Society and Qibla magazine . This occurs in line with the economic conditions of Indonesia that the better , as well as the level of education the more advanced societies .
Categorization magazine published in the new order , namely :
1 ) news magazine Tempo , Slot , Rays , Tiras
2 ) Family Magazine : Ayahbunda , Family
3 ) women Magazine : Femina , Kartini , Sarinah
4 ) men’s magazine : Matra
5 ) Magazine adolescent women : Girl , My friends
6 ) Magazine boys : O
7 ) Magazines children : Bobo , Ganesha , I am the Son of Saleh
8 ) popular scientific magazine : Prism
9 ) Magazines general : Digest , Warnasari
10 ) Magazines law : Justice Forum
11 ) agriculture Magazine : Poster
12 ) Magazine humor : Humor
13 ) Sports Magazine : Sportif , racket
14 ) speaking regions Magazine : Mangle ( Sundanese , London ) , Djaka Lodang ( Java , Yogyakarta )
influence magazine
Now , as was the case in its history , major magazines is a mass medium that affect the community, especially large Indonesia.literatur and other great ideas entered in a format different from the book , can be reached by almost all national adhesive orang.majalah also karene magazines can give the founding fathers of a vast audience .

Magazine as a media innovator
In his time the magazine has outperformed other media with significant innovations in journalism , advertising and circulation , the innovations include investigative reports , profiles complete figure , and photo journalism .
• Reporting investigations : muckraking ( disclosure kebobbrokan ) which now can be called investigative reporting , developed in the magazine as journalism in the early years of the 20th century the length of the magazine contains eksplorisasi distort institutions in society .
• personality profile : the depth is majalah.profil personality creation uses a lot of interviews with a variety of sources and not just to talk with someone, who raised his profile but also with the people who can make comments about the figures including friends and lawanya , and this takes time long enough .
• Photo journalism : magazine of visual input to the mass media in a way that was never in use by the book .
consumer magazine
Categories magazines most striking is the general magazine ( general , interest) , available and on display Dirak – shelf character and can also be obtained by subscription , the magazine usually called consumer magazine .
Type of magazine in Indonesia
• Magazine news : tempo , this magazine provides a summary of the news by categories such as nationalists and business issues .
• Magazine women : kartin , the magazine for women uplift , counsel for fasyen , morals , taste , and memasak.membuat favored by many people .
• men’s magazines : dimensions , this magazine is famous because of its literary quality and fasyen also an important aspect of the content of this magazine .
• sponsored Magazine : This magazine to promote the institution and attract more members .
Evaluating magazine
Circulation and advertising revenue is the measure of success profill magazine , the most difficult is to find a magazine that regularly assess its potential to realize significant issues and provide a lasting contribution to the community in a way that luas.mengevaluasi magazine as brikut :
• Size populist : the size of the most successful is the acceptance of advertising, advertisers use all the advanced research and analysis to ultimately determine where the ads will be placed .
• Measures of quality : an editorial magazine which often gets the award , which put a lot of ads in the magazine and also has become a magnet in the community .
• Reader usage measure : a tool made ​​by the magazine industry to assess the reader’s experience as a guide to design magazines conceptually and guidelines for editing the contents of the magazine

§Print media : often takes the form of mainstream papers. Megazines and gutter press publications and usually the form of media whit the higher of circulation.